Allusions in Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville Essay

In â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† the author, Herman Melville, uses indirect references to hint to many historical, literary, and biblical events. â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† contains many allusions about important events that help connect this fictional story to actual events in Melville’s time period, before, and beyond. Melville uses allusions frequently throughout â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† to help build connections with the real world and the fictitious world of this short story. One of the biggest allusions in â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† is the comparison of Bartleby to Jesus. In the story the narrator is confronted by the new owner of the law offices. He asks the narrator if he knows who Bartleby is. The narrator replies with â€Å"I certainly†¦show more content†¦He rolled a big stone in front of the entrance to the tomb. Then he went away† (NIV, Matthew 27:60). Cicero, a very successful Roman politician, also plays a very significant role in the story of â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener†. The narrator has a bust of Cicero in his office connecting the two cultures; the Western and Eastern cultures however are strikingly different. At around 100 B.C. Cicero led the Roman Empire in a very structured and civilized way. The Roman Empire’s governmental structure is very similar to the United Stated government because they both include three branches. The Judiciary, the Executive, and the Legislative branches are included in both civilizations; however the Roman’s devised this system more than 2,000 years before the United States. They also both have elected officials who are either elected or are appointed by the Consuls. The Roman Government was very orderly and organized, the exact opposite of how it was in Bartleby’s office. This small detail in the story creates more contrast and helps us better understand the changes that can happen in such a short amount of time. The law office was a very orderly place, it just takes one person to throw any well oiled system off balance. The inclusions of these allusions are very subtle and are not always obvious, however Melville took the time to add these into the story to further build connections with the story world and the real world to make the storyShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Herman MelvillesBartleby, The Scrivener1084 Words   |  5 PagesHerman Melville’s short story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† reveals different themes such as isolation and human morality test. In the story, the narrator runs a law firm and has a new Scrivener [Bartleby] who the narrator describes asâ€Å" the strangest I ever saw or heard of† (661). For the first few days, Bartleby is seen to be working fine, however, one day Bartleby just responds with â€Å"I would prefer not to† when anyone assigns a task to Bartleby (674). The real problems start to arise when BartlebyRead More Comparing Religious Archetypes in Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Bartleby the Scrivener2226 Words   |  9 PagesReligious Archetypes in Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Bartleby the Scrivener        Ã‚   Herman Melvilles use of Biblical overtones gives extra dimensions to his works.   Themes in his stories parallel those in the Bible to teach about good and evil.   Melville emphasizes his characters qualities by drawing allusions, and in doing so makes them appear larger than life.   In the same way that the Bible teaches lessons about life, Herman Melvilles stories teach lessons about the light and dark sidesRead MoreEssay on Bartleby the Scrivener1515 Words   |  7 PagesIn Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, a story of â€Å"the strangest† law-copyist the narrator, a lawyer, has ever employed is told. The narrator experiences conflict with Bartleby when he â€Å"prefers not to† examine some law papers. Once Bartleby â€Å"prefers not to† once, he continues to repeat the statement on all request asked of him. This statement sends Bartleby into a state of tranquility, staying isolated in the cubical and refusing all as sistance by any means. This state results in him going

Diacope Rhetoric

Diacope is a  rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase broken up by one or more intervening words. Plural diacopae or diacopes. Adjective: diacopic. As Mark Forsyth has observed, Diacope, diacope ... it works. Nobody would have cared if Hamlet had asked, Whether or not to be? or To be or not? or To be or to die? No. The most famous line in English literature is famous not for the content but for the wording. To be or not to be (The Elements of Eloquence, 2013). Etymology:  From the Greek, a cutting in two. Examples of Diacope Scott Farkus staring out at us with his yellow eyes. He had yellow eyes! So help me, God! Yellow eyes!(Ralphie Parker, A Christmas Story, 1983)I hate to be poor, and we are degradingly poor, offensively poor, miserably poor, beastly poor.(Bella Wilfer in chapter four of Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens)It is the tragedy of the world that no one knows what he doesnt know; and the less a man knows, the more sure he is that he knows everything.(Joyce Cary, Art Reality, 1958)It is explained that all relationships require a little give and take. This is untrue. Any partnership demands that we give and give and give and at the last, as we flop into our graves exhausted, we are told that we didnt give enough.(Quentin Crisp, Manners From Heaven, 1984)Life is not lost by dying! Life is lostMinute by minute, day by dragging day,In all the thousand, small, uncaring ways.(Stephen Vincent Benà ©t, A Child Is Born, 1942)Their entire lives had been spent in the deification of the unessential, in the reduction of puttering to a science. They had puttered their lives away and were still puttering, only, as they grew older, with a greater intensity, and from the first their lives had been extremely happy.(Charles Macomb Flandrau, Little Pictures of People. Prejudices, 1913)There is a land of the living and a land of the dead and the bridge is love, the only survival, the only meaning.(Thornton Wilder, The Bridge of San Luis Rey, 1927)All happy families are alike, but an unhappy family is unhappy after its own fashion.(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, 1877)I am neat, scrupulously neat, in regard to the things I care about; but a book, as a book, is not one of those things.(Max Beerbohm, Whistlers Writing. The Pall Mall Magazine, 1904)He wore prim vested suits with neckties blocked primly against the collar buttons of his primly starched white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he se emed a comic antique.(Russell Baker, Growing Up, 1982)Put out the light, and then put out the light.(Othello in William Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice, Act Five, scene 2)And now, my beauties, something with poison in it, I think. With poison in it, but attractive to the eye and soothing to the smell.(The Wicked Witch of the West, The Wizard of Oz, 1939)Of course, in an age of madness, to expect to be untouched by madness is a form of madness. But the pursuit of sanity can be a form of madness, too.(Saul Bellow, Henderson the Rain King. Viking, 1959)Youre not fully clean until youre Zestfully clean.(advertising slogan for Zest soap)I knew it. Born in a hotel room--and goddamn it--died in a hotel room.(last words of playwright Eugene ONeill)Tourettes teaches you what people will ignore and forget, teaches you to see the reality-knitting mechanism people employ to tuck away the intolerable, the incongruous, the disruptive--it teaches you this because youre the one lobbing the intolerable, incongruous, and disruptive their way.(Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn. Doubleday, 1999)[British Prime Minister] Blair sounded like a man who had spent the morning riffling through handbooks of classical rhetoric: This indulgence has to stop. Because it is dangerous. It is dangerous if such regimes disbelieve us. Dangerous if they think they can use weakness, our hesitation, even the natural urges of our democracy towards peace, against us. Dangerous because one day they will mistake our innate revulsion against war for permanent incapacity.(Anthony Lane, The Prime Minister. The New Yorker, March 31, 2003) Diacope in Shakespeares  Antony and Cleopatra Cleopatra: O sun,Burn the great sphere thou movest in! darkling standThe varying shore o the world. O Antony,Antony, Antony! Help, Charmian, help, Iras, help;Help, friends below; lets draw him hither.Antony: Peace!Not Caesars valour hath oerthrown Antony,But Antonys hath triumphd on itself.Cleopatra: So it should be, that none but AntonyShould conquer Antony; but woe tis so!Antony: I am dying, Egypt, dying; onlyI here importune death awhile, untilOf many thousand kisses the poor lastI lay upon thy lips.(William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, Act Four, scene 15)Throughout the text [of Antony and Cleopatra] we find not rational and syllogistic logic, but persuasive figures that indicate tension, friction and explosion. . . . The play is filled with exclamations of vehemence and hyperbole, made more emphatic by the undercurrent of the colloquial. For example the iteration of thou at 4.2.11, the device ploce, works to construct conversational ease; at the same time the repetition of words with one or more in between, or diacope, although similar to ploce, has a very insistent and desperate effect, as in Cleopatras help at 4.15.13-14.(Sylvia Adamson, et al., Reading Shakespeares Dramatic Language: A Guide. Thomson Learning, 2001) Types of Diacope Diacope comes in a number of forms. The simplest is the vocative diacope: Live, baby, live. Yeah, baby, yeah. I am dying, Egypt, dying. Game over, man, game over. Zeds dead, baby, Zeds dead. All you do is chuck in somebodys name or their title and repeat. The effect is to put in a bit of emphasis, a certain finality, on the second word. . . .The other main form of diacope is the elaboration, where you chuck in an adjective. From sea to shining sea. Sunday bloody Sunday. O Captain! My Captain! Human, all too human. From harmony, from heavenly harmony . . . . or Beauty, real beauty, ends where intellectual expression begins. This form gives you a feeling both of precision (were not talking about fake beauty) and crescendo (its not merely a sea, its a shining sea).(Mark Forsyth, The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. Icon Books, 2013) The Lighter Side of Diacope Someone ate the baby,Its rather sad to say.Someone ate the babySo she wont be out to play.Well never hear her whiny cryOr have to feel if she is dry.Well never hear her asking, Why?Someone ate the baby.(Shel Silverstein, Dreadful. Where the Sidewalk Ends. Harper Row, 1974)Im gonna cut out now with this unusual song Im dedicating to an unusual person who makes me feel kind of unusual.(Christian Slater as Mark Hunter in Pump Up the Volume, 1990)I can picture in my mind a world without war, a world without hate. And I can picture us attacking that world, because theyd never expect it.(Jack Handey, Deep Thoughts) Pronunciation: di AK oh pee Also Known As: semi-reduplication

Baseball and Steroids - 741 Words

Confirmation/Argument Despite steroids having multiple negative effects on both athletes and the game of baseball, they also have good effects too. The first positive effect that steroids’ provide would be the fact that steroids help speed up recovery time. When a person is heavily stressed Cortisol is produced to help the body and mind handle the stress. However, because cortisol is so strong; in the process of trying to relieve stress it also damages muscle tissue and slows down the time it takes for your body to recuperate. This is where steroids come in, â€Å"Steroids help to reduce the production of cortisol when your body is stressed. They can be used to help you recover from injuries or just to allow you to exercise more† (Swain, 2007, para. 1). In addition, steroids when taken correctly can be used to treat medical conditions such as osteoporosis, anemia, arthritis, and even some forms of cancer. Steroids increase the production of red blood cells, which successfully effects the tre ating of anemia. They help increase bone density, so they are useful for patients suffering from osteoporosis. Steroids are also used to treat blood disorders, arthritis, and some types of cancers (Swain, 2007, para. 1). Another positive attribute of steroids would be that they help to increase muscles and build strong bones (Swain, 2007, para. 3). Steroids increase the amount of nitrogen in the body which allows for the production of more protein in the body, which ultimately fuels theShow MoreRelated steroids in Baseball Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages Steroids in Baseball: The Future of Baseball nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It was a warm, sultry night in September. The fans were crazed in anticipation as Mark McGwire stepped to the plate. With a gentle stretch, he paused, patiently poised, waiting for what would eventually be the greatest hit baseball had ever seen. The pitcher, Steve Trachsel, came set. He shot a determined look to the dirt. In a rivalry such as this (Cubs, Cardinals) he did not want to be the one to give up the great numberRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead MoreSteroids : The Corruption Of Baseball1287 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids: The Corruption of Baseball Steroids changed the game of baseball for an era by transforming the game from defensively oriented mindsets to who could offensively â€Å"out-slug† one another. Steroids have changed the game of baseball due to the fact that it makes you stronger and the players that use it can hit the ball a lot further than others. Steroids are performance enhancing drugs most commonly used by athletes or bodybuilders so that they can gain more muscle quickly and easily to haveRead More Steroids in Baseball Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages Anabolic and androgenic steroids come in many different forms. The most popular form is a pill and is easy to take. The draw back of the pill is it is hard on the liver and kidneys because it passes through the system in a couple of hours. Another popular form is cream. The cream’s advantage is it is easy to apply and is less harmful to the body. The draw back is it is very ineffective. The last form is injection. Injecting straight into the muscle gives the best results. Most serious athletes thatRead MoreSteroids in Professional Baseball2189 Words   |  9 Pagessurveyed that all the athletes in baseball that were tested for steroids and shown positive should have been banned from the game. In the year 2005 it was discovered that two out of three people agreed with banning the players who made it to the Hall of Fame but tested positive for steroids. Most if not all people consider this action cheating and frown upon its use. How could this be? In today’s readings of sports articles and papers, fans tend to think that steroids give other players an unfair advantageRead MoreEssay on Steroids in Baseball1012 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Steroids in Baseball† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today in the United States, millions and millions of kids, teens, and adults watch and play in the sport of baseball. It is probably the number one sport looked upon and what is happening to it is a bit discouraging. Players have started â€Å"cheating† by using steroids to help them play stronger and better. They are in league where you have to be the best at what you do to play, and if your using drugs to cheat yourRead MoreEssay on Steroids in Baseball2587 Words   |  11 PagesHall of Shame Baseball has always been known as â€Å"America’s Favorite Pastime†. Over the past decade, the game America knows and loves has been exposed as a game full of cheaters. Major League Baseball(MLB) has had over one hundred players test positive for performance-enhancing substances over the past fifteen years. Performance-enhancing substances increase a player’s ability to produce better stats to help his salary. The past fifteen years of baseball have contained dirty play by some of theRead MoreSteroids in Professional Baseball Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesin Major League Baseball is the discussion of the use of steroids and human growth hormones. Both are completely illegal in the sport, and come with drastic consequences. One would think a fifty game suspension as a first offense would scare players away, but for some reason steroids in baseball is occurring more and more often to the disappointment of Major League Baseball. The reason players take steroid s in the first place is to enhance their performance on the field. Steroids make players strongerRead MoreSteroids in Major League Baseball800 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball players for years, it’s time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin America’s past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be punished. Let me informRead MoreEssay on Use of Steroids in Baseball4327 Words   |  18 PagesUse of Steroids in Baseball Since Major League Baseball all-star Ken Caminiti openly admitted to Sports Illustrated to have used steroids during his career, steroid use as a muscle and performance enhancer has been uncovered and become a big issue Major League Baseball is wrestling with. The â€Å"ongoing and delicate subject, baseball’s dirty, little secret that is no secret anymore,† is a huge and growing problem (Curry B20). Now that light has been shed on the issue, critics are beginning to

Essay About on Gold Pond - 1639 Words

The movie On Golden Pond represents three stages of development: adolescence, middle-adulthood, and late-adulthood. In the movie, Billy, Chelsea and Norman, three of the main characters symbolize the three stages of development by specific behaviors related to biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial developments. It was necessary for the three characters to break down during hard situations in their lives to start appreciating the different seasons of their lives, the transition from adolescence to adulthood to aging and the people around them. In this paper I will discuss how these characters develop as individuals through the lenses of biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial development, and I will also end my discussion by explaining how†¦show more content†¦This ability of reasoning leads adolescent to be rebellious, because they can understand that adult’s rules are not necessarily legitimate all the time. For instance, â€Å"A 14-years- old becomes acutely aware o f the difference between what adults say they do and how they really act.† Billy showed this kind of cognitive ability, and he was rebellious towards his father Billy Ray and especially to Norm. He said to Norman â€Å"don’t tell me what to do†. Adolescents develop a hostile perception about adults. They become critical about their parents and the community they live in as a whole. Another cognition maturity that adolescents reach is the development of adolescent egocentrism—the distorted feeling that one’s own action is the centre of everything. In the movie, Billy showed this distorted feeling. He wants to proof to everyone that he can do anything that an adult is able to do. For example, he wants to steer the bout and explore the world by himself. Psychosocial development addresses the interaction between psychological and social factors. Billy was in Erickson’s psychosocial stage—Identity versus role confusion. In the beginning, he seemed confused about his identity, and he did not get along with Norman. This indicates that he lacked someone to identify with. Later on, the time he spent with the couple on Golden Pond and his relationship with Norman made him progressShow MoreRelatedMy Own Backyard1148 Words   |  5 PagesRobin Pulliam Descriptive Essay August 31, 2011 English 111-95 My Own Backyard My own backyard is my favorite place to visit. I say this because when I walk out my backdoor my senses come alive. I can enjoy the smells, sounds, and touch of nature. I use my backdoor as a place to escape from the real world and the tension of everyday life. It is like walking into another world. It is a place of serenity, where I can relax in my futon, forget about all my worries, and enjoy the view of my surroundingsRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"Where Does the Temple Begin. Where Does It End?† by Mary Oliver1484 Words   |  6 Pagesleaves from any old tree –they are all in this too. And now I will tell you the truth. Everything in the world comes. At least, closer. And, cordially. Like the nibbling, tinsel-eyed fish; the unlooping snake. Like goldfinches, little dolls of gold fluttering around the corner of the sky of God, the blue air. Glossary: Lily: â€Å"type of plant that grows from a bulb and that has large white or coloured flowers†. Finch: â€Å"is a small bird with strong beak†. The poem where does the temple beginRead MoreSummary Of The Catcher Of The Rye Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Tillotson Mr. Turner English 12-CP Theme Essay December 3, 2014 The Catcher in the Rye Theme Essay â€Å"If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.† This is a quote by Robert Burns and it talks about how being an adult and having casual sex is okay. The Catcher in the Rye by J.d Salinger is a novel about the life of a troubled boy by the name of Holden Caulfield. There is one trait that brings every person together and that is growing up. [JT1] Some peopleRead More Ultimate Pets: How an Independent Pet Shop Competes with Giant Pet Store Chains1597 Words   |  7 Pages This essay explains how I intend to open an independent pet store, Ultimate Pets. Although there are already several pet stores in my community which are owned and operated by the giant pet super-store chains, I will position Ultimate Pets in the market so that it can successfully compete with the established pet super-store chains. As a business in the pet industry, an exotic pet shop offers many products that a large corporation would, but differentiates in a way with the wide rangeRead MoreAnalyzing Characteristics of Shrek and Lord Farquaad Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyzing Characteristics of Shrek and Lord Farquaad In this essay, I am going to analyse the characters of Shrek and Lord Farquaad, and write about how film makers use different presentational devices to create an unusual fairytale. In Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs the Prince freed Snow White from the spell by kissing her. In Jack And The Beanstalk the giant chases Jack and wants to eat him. In Shrek we see a different type of fairytale which shows that ShrekRead MoreWhat Is The Best Writing Format?1834 Words   |  8 PagesNate Davis Mrs. Pond English 11 24 February 2016 What is the best writing format? It might seem like a boring topic, but it is for a grade so here goes. We use writing formats if we write anything. Some are formal, others are far more common. I prefer formal, Which do you think is the best? There are over 500 writing formats, and although some believe that the most common ones are the best, the best are MLA, the 2nd is APA, and the 3rd is CMS, etc... My favorite is MLARead MoreAnglogold Ashanti: Analysis of Csr Strategy6695 Words   |  27 PagesAngloGold Ashanti An Analysis of CSR Strategy Performance Essay 1 By: S. BLIDI ELLIOTT Index No.: EMBA 10110042 Course: Ethics, Social Responsibility and Governance Course No.: EMBA 663 Lecturer: Dr. Judy N. Muthuri Date: September 28, 2012 Word Count: 5,709 This essay is the first of a two-part series critically examining the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and performance of AngloGold Ashanti (AGA). This first essay analyses the company’s CSR strategy and activities againstRead MoreEssay on Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts4853 Words   |  20 Pagesthe words is the one of the ways to read this novel. Especially, in this novel, she uses words and actions for showing and erasing the gap between the absence and the presence which is prevalent in this novel. Between the acts is also the book about the process. It can be the process to be something, or it can be the process to be nothing. 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It also carries significance to the narrators purpose, for he uses forty-six linesRead More The Lasting Effects of the Columbian Exchange During the Age of Discovery1815 Words   |  8 Pages While Europe was coming to learn to like the potato and tomato, the Americas were invaded by olives, coffee, vegetable seeds, wheat, lemons, oranges, lettuce and cabbage. These were great additions to the tortilla, bean, grub, insect eggs and pond scum that some Mexican dishes called for. Europeans also brought crab grass, dandelions, carnations, daffodils, and lilacs to the New World. Jacques Cartier, a shipmaster of Saint-Malo offered the Indians hardtack (a hard biscuit) and red wine when

Business Ethics and Sustainability Good Results

Question: What services are being offered and is this a real Market? In what way can tourism be ethical? Answer: 1.Ethical dilemma: Good results are bad results 1.1Ethical issues One of the major ethical issues arises here for the professor Ballistico is to whether resist or to publish the problems in the frozen food items of FoodCorp. This is because foodCorp is one of the major fund raiser in the Big City University where the professor does its research (Bertella, 2013). 1.2 Options available One of the major options is to tell the foodcorp privately about the Rotnever and long life. Apart from that, second option is to publish about the problem in Food Corp products. Finally, keep quiet about the matter in order to save the Big City funding from the FoodCorp. 1.3 Ballistico should proceed He should publish the problems of food additives within the FoodCorp frozen products because, just for sake of money, he should not play with human lives (Bertella, 2013). Apart from that he is professor he teaches the students, his morale and ethics must stays with the future of the Big City University which is to go ahead tell the truth. 1.4 Wider aspect of funding Companies like FoodCorp fund the universities in order to creates goodwill and wanted to be associated with community service in order to influence the customer base. These are just their corporate gimmick to charity and gain the popularity of their brands. 1.5 Critical assessments Corporation are now playing the government roles to manage to fund the colleges in order to increase the community service by donating huge amount of money to secure the future of students (Butcher, 2008). However, this is also one of the major corporate gimmicks to do CSR activities in order to save tax and crates strong brand awareness among the coming generations. 2. Stuck in a middle 2.1 Right thing to do in this situations As a civil engineer, the right thing to do in this situation is to talk to the director regarding the behavior of his manager rather than resisting. Here the manager of the civil engineer is been using theory of egoism in order to maintains its self interest rather than giving opportunity. The theory of normative egoism explains the position where the owner or manager sees their own interest (Hartman et al. 2014). 2.2 What would I do I would have done the same thing because the manager is bullying and not at supportive to its employees rather he discourages them. I would have write letter to the direct regarding the bad use of corporate power on its manager (Hudson and Miller, 2006). However, there is chances of losing the job and may be director would support the manager because his experience and for his huge body of work. 2.3 Factors the influence decision making One of the major factors would be scope of growth and the learning within the work place. Secondly, lack of transparency within the management which will lead to very bad consequence in future. 2.4 Readers Yes, most of the employee who are working in the organisation in order to learn and get experience would obviously agree with the thought of complaining to the directors or leave the company (Jackson and Barber, 2014). However, there would smaller section of people who would rather interest in sitting and passing their time rather than gaining skills would not agree with my thought. 3. Clear code of grey zone 3.1Ethical problem in this case Ethical problems face is to maintain the code of conduct which prohibits the employees to use the company materials for their personal use. Ethical problem here is whether or not to take action against the Paul for using of the web access and prevent personal use of company. 3.2 Possible courses of actions Suspend the Paul for breaching the global code of ethics to limited use web access. Apart from that, forgive the Paul as he is been already been embarrassed. 3.3 Utilitarian Perspective This theory of Utilitarian gives overall pleasure and pain for all concerned. Although the Paul is expert in his work but by suspending him would be maximize the positive outcomes for the largest number of people and negative would be for the small number of people (MacCannell, 2012). This will create examples for everyone to follow the code of conduct during the use of company materials. 3.4 What would I do I would rather suspend the employee so that it set out the examples for everyone so that everyone uses strictly follow the certain discipline and code of conduct while doing anything bad. 3.5 Benefit and limitations One of the major benefits would be that everyone will be very careful while using the office equipment before using it for personal use (Malone et al. 2014). However, company would also looses the productive employee and employee would be very much careful which again will decrease their productivity. 4. Who cares who shares 4.1 ethical issues Ethical issues here is to share the information of the company with outsider or not. 4.2 Main stakeholders Major stakeholders are company, share holders, employees and the owners. Owners and the employee has major shares as soon as the news published the company will be affected badly which results in to lower profitability (Meghani, 2011). Shareholder will also be affected as they have invested in the company because of its growth and goodwill in the market. 4.3 Decision making Ethically I would not disclose the happenings of the company with outsider because it will be trail to charge against insider trading which is unethical way to help the friends. 4.4 Difference in acting and information I would be ready with answers with press and acknowledge the company on the half of the company along with selling of my own shares which is very much ethical. However, passing the information would be unethical and creates whistle blowing (Ruhi Yaman and Gurel, 2006). 5. Ethical Tourism 5.1.Ethical Tourism Ethical tourism simply means responsible tourisms. It is term which has been evolved since the tourism sector has been developed. Ethical tourism encourages both the consumer and industry to follows the certain code of conduct while travelling or guiding the tourist. Ethical tourism also helpful and benefit to the living families within the visiting areas (Butcher, 2008). Tourism is been one of the most growing sector for the government specifically for the UK government. Ethical tourism offers various forms of long term sustainability which would benefit to local communities and services offered by the tourisms are sources locally. Some of the features of ethical tourism are been considered while travelling the places are social, injustice, human rights , animal welfare and the existing environment (Ethics.unwto.org, 2015). For instance, the case study of Responsibletravel .com who are indirectly involved in the organising the holidays by using tour companies to ensure they benefit the local communities and reduce the social negativity and maintain the ecological balance (Ruhi Yaman and Gurel, 2006). One of the best methods is to use pre screens holidays in order to increase the funds for the local communities in order to build the infrastructure. As per the WTO, global code of ethics has been formed in 2001, where the code of conduct given for the traveler and the tourist company. 5.2. Services being offered and is this a real market Some of the major services given by the ethical tourism are given below: Economic prosperity: One of the major benefits which has been earned through the ethical tourism are long term fair pay for the employees by asking the trip advisor to employee the locales and having manufacturers food (Meghani, 2011). Apart from that, funds available for the local communities by selling the product and services for tourism locally. Sustainable tourism should be given to the every holiday sold and also offers various opportunities to customers to make the travelling more learning and prosperous. Social equity: Social equity here, destinations are offering the safe and very much satisfying with the new experiences while having the positive opportunity to interact with the locales equally (Malone et al. 2014). For instance, Responsibletourismtravel.com not only given economic prosperity but also ties the cover the range of social issue and the economic issues arises within the places. Environmental and cultural protections: Apart from the above, the ethical tourism also been helping to conserve the ancient culture, monuments and traditions of the places. Along with that, it also maintains the wildlife and carbon emissions by encouraging the tourist to use camp in the jungle and save electricity and also make them understand importance of flora and fauna (MacCannell, 2012). However, ethical tourism current is not a real market but its slowly going to be developing as the real market once the most of the UK tour operators develop policies on the responsible tourism (Jackson and Barber, 2014). Currently the tourism market is being run by the various NGOs in UK. 5.3. In what way can tourism can be ethical Tourism can be ethical, if the tourist and the companies follow the some of the strict norms which will help the organisations to cater large market share. Some of the major ways to maintain the ethical tourism are given below: Charitable policy: One of the major policies would charitable policy. The tour operators should organise the charitable programme in order to increase the fund for the local places which will be helpful in building the local infrastructures (Hudson and Miller, 2006). The programme will also educate the people to educate them about them places and the issues that people are facing in those places. Apart from that, ethical tourism contributes towards the mutual understanding enough scope to respect the people and societies. There have been numerous occasions the certain sustainable factor development can be seen while contributing towards the less fortunate places which are yet to be discovered. Social policy: Social policy would be the helpful to channel the income to the local government. Usually the local people are given here opportunity to benefit from the visit. Some of the major social policy like maintains the real culture and monuments of the visited place along with that making fair payment to the services given by the employees (Hartman et al. 2014). Environmental Policy: Another major policy would be the environmental policy which will help to protect the sustainably of the local flora and fauna along the saving the local culture and the tradition by following the environmental norms policy by WTO (Butcher, 2008). 5.4. Potential activities for ethical tourists Ecotourism: It is one of the major term which has been evolved as ecological tourisms. Developing the destinations where the ethical issues are the major key driver social justice and human rights and animal welfare are some of the major emerging factors which for the both consumer and the industry. Take time to research the destinations: NGOs and the other major companies are needed to search the destinations which are being slowly on the verge of extinctions (Bertella, 2013). For instance Responsibletrip advsiro.com is some of the sites who are being responsibly looking to search the places which are less fortunate and deprived. Reference list Journals Bertella, G. (2013). Ethical Content of Pictures of Animals in Tourism Promotion. Tourism Recreation Research, 38(3), pp.281-294. Butcher, J. (2008). Ethical Travel and Well-being: Reposing the Issue. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), pp.219-222. Hartman, E., Paris, C. and Blache-Cohen, B. (2014). Fair Trade Learning: Ethical standards for community-engaged international volunteer tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1-2), pp.108-116. Hudson, S. and Miller, G. (2006). Knowing the Difference Between Right and Wrong. Journal of Teaching in Travel Tourism, 6(2), pp.41-59. Jackson, L. and Barber, D. (2014). Ethical and sustainable healthcare tourism development: A primer. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15(1), pp.19-26. MacCannell, D. (2012). On the Ethical Stake in Tourism Research. Tourism Geographies, 14(1), pp.183-194. Malone, S., McCabe, S. and Smith, A. (2014). The role of hedonism in ethical tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, pp.241-254. Meghani, Z. (2011). A robust, particularistic ethical assessment of medical tourism. Developing World Bioethics, 11(1), pp.16-29. Ruhi Yaman, H. and Gurel, E. (2006). Ethical ideologies of tourism marketers. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), pp.470-489. Websites Ethics.unwto.org, (2015). Global Code of Ethics for Tourism | Ethics and Social Responsibility. [online] Available at: https://ethics.unwto.org/en/content/global-code-ethics-tourism [Accessed 11 Jan. 2015].

Logistics A case of John Lewis

Question: Describe about the Reason for success, Challenges faced and Pre-requisite necessities for the operation of lean systems of John Lewis? Answer: Executive Summary The particular chapter deals with the operation management system of the John Lewis. An organisation needs to establish a relationship of trust and confidence that it can understand the requirements and cater its best possible way that is to implement SANDAC within the JLP. The particular research is conducted in the reference to JLP operation management and its process in making the organisation successful. Initially, JLP uses the Omni form of operation management where the company has faces tough to survives in the rising demand of the consumers. Apart from that, with the help of SANDAC, company will be able manage and control the operation system by tote bin via conveyor. Most of the companies are facing issues like efficiency, ergonomics and service level can be improved in future if the company uses the automated system for the business. Introduction John Lewis partnership is one of the UK largest business houses. It is still lies in the 10th position in retail sector. Company is known for its quality clothing line and value pricing strategies in the market. Company has more than 28 departmental stores and turnover worth of the 7.4 billion (Fliedner, 2012). The company has been able to generate high sales even in the time of recessions and has plans to open more than 28 stores in UK. Company has semi automated distribution centre which helps the business to growing the international and level market of UK. With the rise in the distribution of the centre in year to coming shows that, company logistics is very much automated and company has been able to generate high investment within the business. The study will analyse the existing technology of logistics of the distribution network (Jackson and Jones, 2005). Reason for success for the John Lewis partnership John Lewis partnership is been one of the major pillar for the success of the company. The stakeholder like employees and the mangers and customer has made the company to reach in current positions. The john Lewis partnership is been growing strong every year as the company is able to capture the large customer base within the existing UK market (Shinkle et al. 2004). With the strong relationship with employees is one of the major reasons for its success in the past and present. John Lewis is been owner one of the major stakeholders who are looking to manage and control improvise its logistics and distribution network which has created the large customer base for the company (Trent, 2008). With the variety in the product availability gives a company edge to grow more in compare to its competitors like Zara and HM. Apart from the above the critical success factor for the company is being its marketing strategy tool. The company has implemented the penetration pricings strategy to targ et the medium and large customer group in the current market share (Krugman et al. 2010). Market share 2011 2012 Marks Spencer 11.7% 11% Primark 8.5% 8.1% Asda 6.9% 6.9% Top shop 6% 5.51% John Lewis 5.54% 6% TK maxx 3.2% 3.3% HM 3.4% 2.9% Matalan 2.9% 2.5% Graph 1: Market share of the John Lewis (Source: Bryman and Bell, 2012, pp-123) From the above, it has been found that, market share of the John Lewis is been very much pleasing and growing as per the above graph. The company is able to outperform its contemporaries like HM and TOP shop and Matalan because of its quality and value pricing (Baum, 2003). As the companies like primary is second because of low cost and company has not been able to generate the large customer base which will give poor sales in result in the long run. Therefore one of the major competitors for the company is MS which is very much has large brand value and are remote distribution channel for the company (Bhadur, 2008). However, MS uses price skimming strategies which are why most of the customer are shifting their base and only catering those customer whose earnings is more than 10,000. Alternative considered to maintain the increasing demand of consumer Since the John Lewis demand of the products services is increasing every year. The growth needed to be complimented by the better supply chain would helps to manage the products and service availability (Bisen and Srivastava, 2009). Company is been looking to implement SANDAC which is semi automated supply chain that will help the company to manage and control over the supply chain in order to make sure that items must be picked within time which would reduce the backup store facilities. The warehouse designed to be very much environmental friendly which comprise of solar panel and storm water collection and automated lightening (Chopra and Meindl, 2007). Most of the goods are being packed in the cartons on pallets. With the help of tote bins, company transport its minload to automated storage and with the help of OSR , company is able monitor is products and services within the 10 kilometer range. The storage area comprises 26*1.75 m which is operated with the help of wire guided narrow aisle trucks (Held, 2003). The narrow aisle makes sure that the AS/RS is used to store the tote bins of fast and slow moving lines. There are 13 capable of moving 2 bins at same time. The AS/RS and OSR technology covers the area which helps the John Lewis to manage the store of total 240,000 tote bins. While picking up the order the tote bins conveyor uses bin to bin to picking because there are more than 33 picking stations within the area (Singh, 2009). Each of the picking up stations comprise of the 12 tote bins on a lower level. Finally the picked up bins are being transported by the conveyor to the OSR based buffer store. Since the company has wide variety of products range with more than 350,000 product lines which are ranging from fashion to apparels along with household goods which company has more than 33 picking up stations (Dennis, 2002). Apart from that, company has invested more than 46 million in order to implement SANDC within its existing supply chain. This has enables to reduce the cost of the docks and the warehouses. The business case of John Lewis shows that, company has successfully able to manage and control over its pickings that has made the company to reduce the excess burden of time consuming and has lower the manpower (Liker, 2004). The SANDC is generally operated between two shifts each day but it has potential for the 3 shift each which will helpful for the business to grow and manage its rising demand. Challenges faced by the John Lewis within their supply chain One of the major challenges faced by the company during its time of managing and controlling the supply chain system its growth. Since the mode of operation from the Hawthorne experiment to bricks and mortar which has been changed since the yester years (Bicheno, 2004). The omni form of operational system within the supply chain has been one of the most popular ways of managing the supply chain. The omni channel system has helps the major retailers for fundamentally redesigning its supply chain. This leads the industry has undergone changes due to growth in the supply chain (Nicholas and Soni, 2006). Since the click and collect the service has been able to manage the supply chain management system within the organizations. The retailer here is able to fulfill the expectation of the customer demand by make sure the supply chain is managed in better way and the 124*7 availability of the products. After the globalization and technology advancement like internet has made the world more G local (Hines, 1994). Therefore, the online retailing has become of the most prominent way to trade the business for the retailers without having the physical store. Since, demand of the online store has been increased from 2009 as the internet user of the nation are also been increased by 43.09% across UK (Hines, 1998). The evolution of e-commerce has made the john Lewis to launch its own online websites which will hale the business to grow and made available to each and every corner of the world. Some of the challenges faced by the omni supply chain are given below: Figure 1: Omni supply chain (Source: ttner, 2005, pp-121) One of the biggest challenges and opportunities faced by the retailer is close the technology gap for the consumers. When more than 50% of retailers does not poses critical supply chain technology in order to fulfill the order for the company (Karlsson and hlstrm,1996). (i)Lack of integration with inventory with the omni channel system: Fulfilling the order for the customers is one of the major job of the operation system. Omni channel system helps the customers to fulfill the orders based on where the customer is located. If the shipment is local then the company will be able to ship the order whereas orders is out of the stations makes the company to make the shipment which take sits twice its time (Andersson, 2006). However, most of the retailer is facing challenges sending of wrongful items which are creating huge lots of problems. Company is not been able to manage and control its inventory system because of omni system is more complicated. It requires large number of inventory and people from a lot of different places in order to send its right products right people. This makes the distribution system more risky and increase in human error (Nicholas and Soni, 2006). Omni supply chain software is communicating e-commerce sales across the globe which helps the company to achieve the large market base. (ii)Integration Issues within the Omni channel of distribution: Although omni channel breaks traditional operational model for the shopping but the consumer are never ever been interested in the supply chain process of the company instead they are interested in customized solution. Integration of the channel implies more visibility into the inventory across the entire enterprise which is not enough by the existing omni technology (Conti et al. 2006). The lack of integration between the server and the inventory to the demand of the consumer can create technological hindrance within the omni retailing. The JLP has faces various kinds of the issues because of the growing customers need, company have failed to send the right products to the right consumer at the right place (Dennis, 2002). However, lack of integration between the distribution channels has made the JLP to manage improper way of operating its business. SANDAC flexibility as per the changing demand With the implementation of SANDAC within the JLP has made company to increase its efficiency within the existing operation system. For instance, a new products of JLP are being weighed , scanned as per the cubic measurement and photographed during the time of managing the operation (Couper et al. 2011). With the help of OSR (Order storage and Retrieval) system are helpful in strong the transported goods from the conveyor. Apart from that goods which are being received by the store in tote bins which is in the current quantities are being pre-advised electronically by the suppliers using the advance shipping notifications (ASN). The pallets will be which be received have the tote bins and are moved by the PPT (Powered applet truck which will de-palletized by the robots (Doukidis and Paul, 1990). This total process of the SANDAC is very much shows the flexibility of the demand of supply chain system which is consistently being working with OSR that helps the JPL to grow more and cater the changing demand of the consumers (Gunasekaran, 1999). SANDAC has works in more than two major shifts which would be helps the JLP to manage its operation system around the UK. Apart from that, SANDAC is capable for more than tow shift which shows its flexibility among the other type of system like omni and the price2 methodology Harris and Harris, 2003). Most of the companies like Zara, MS and HM are using the omni version of the supply chain within their business. Moreover, SANDAC is also been very flexible for the order picking. For instance , JLP has more than 33 pickings out of which each stations comprises of 12 tote bins on lower level which would helps the conveyor to represent the store that needed to be picked (Conti et al. 2006). Besides that, on the higher level of demand, tote bins are brought into two locations in front of the picker. With the help of this flexibility company has options top order high level at same time as lower level of quantity of the products and services. One of the major examples for the flexibility within SANDAC shows that integration between the warehouses takes the products from the 1000 suppliers from small stores. Automated conveyor belts carry hundreds and thousands of the torte boxes from the selves to the workers that will take the times to shoppers (Dennis, 2002). Within the range of more than 10 kilometers of conveyor belts in the area of ware house where the aisle are 75 meter long and 15 meter high and help taken by the cranes that locate and pick up the totes who travels at six meter long in one second shows that automated storage system of the JLP is very much healthy and flexible as per changing demand of the consumers (Liker, 2004). Ways to improve the service of SANDC 1. Effecincey: The existing automated system will increase the efficiency process of the operation system of the JLP as the rise in the demand of the products will be higher in the coming years. The efficiency level of the SANDC is higher in compare to its competitors who are not able to cope with changing demand of the consumers (Hansson, 2006). SANDAC will help the JLP to meet the standards of the customers. The aromatic system will give an competitive advantages and critical success factors for achieving the product availability with less and with the cost effective. With helps of integration process of the automated tote bin has given edge to the company to gain the large customer base via clean and clear operation management (Apte et al. 2011). 2. Service Levels: The automatic system of the SANDC will help to solve the problems of customised operating system as per the company demand. SANDAC service level is more of the technological advancement which helps the JLP to minimize its cost and give the service at right time to the right stores (Apte et al. 2011).. This will also bring the transparency within the service system of the company which will lead to changing demand of the stores which is one of the major critical success factors for the company. This is only can be possible if the system is very much integrated for managing the automatic pilling of the inventory. SANDAC has bridge the gap between supply and demand for the product (McQuaid-Cook and Simons, 1989). 3. Ergonomic Issues: Various ergonomic issues at work place can be arises due to the repetition of the work, manual handlings and designing of the job which may lead to the uncomfortable situation at the workplace. Ergonomics is process of the improving the productivity of the company core business objectives which would lead the company to achieve the higher efficiency (Mustaghis-ur-Rahman, 2007). Ergonomics of the SANDAC will helps the company to reduce the cost. The best ergonomic solution given by the SANDAC represent improve the productivity by designing a job to allow for the right kind of posture , less exertion and fewer motions and which made the work station more efficient. SANDAC improves the best efforts in order to ensure the quality of the products. For instance, JLP labour is able to fasten their work of equipment tightening enough due to high force requirements of the products fixtures (Apsc.gov.au. 2013). Ergonomic helps the business to maintain their best efforts to ensure their health and safety via making the working environment for comfort and reduce the fatigue. 4. Sustainability: Sustainability issues are always with operation system for the company. With the automation cost and paper has been saved by the JLP but the use of electricity has been risen. The machine like SANDAC must be work within the environmental friendly manner in order make the work place more sustainable. In coming future, the more and more of customer are willing to associate themselves with the environmental friendly company, therefore, it is very much important for the company to manage their operation by reducing the waste and control the pollution within the manufacturing to supply chain. The use of the green technology and renewable products helps the company to take larger control over the changing environmental laws (Hamman, 2012). JLP has been using the solar panels which help the organization to manage the sustainability by reducing the use of thermal power energy to solar energy. Apart from that, storm water collection is another major warehouse designed which would indicate that company is more of the environment friendly. With the help of automated lighting control system has been helping the 15% of the energy conservations within its warehouse (John Lewis, 2015). Pre-requisite necessities or the operation of lean systems The rising pressure on the organisation to reduce cost and improve quality is making many companies to choose Lean tools and techniques as an advance solution for improvement in the performance of the company (Mustaghis-ur-Rahman, 2007). Over the last few years, Lean has been emerged as one of the most impactful procedure to increase the organisations efficiency by decreasing the operations. Figure 2: Pre-requisite tool for the lean management (Source: Apte et al. 2011, pp-143) Sorting (Seri): As discussed by (Trent, 2008), with the proper arrangement all work area must be sorted. It will help the company to understand the needed works are unnecessary work, which should immediately be discarded. Straighten (Seition): Straighten is to set in order the products and services according to location area of each of the items. With the labels every item will be place in order of usage or unused. All the worker must know where the item are by labelling or by making shadow board that has outline of tools so as to identify its accurate location area (Conti et al. 2006). Shine (Seiso): The work area must be kept physically clean and tidy on a regular basis and the workers should also be scanning the area for anything that is out of place and try to make immediate effort to correct it. Standardize (Seiketsu): Standards must be made or rather develop for the making first 3s so as to ensure that the workers are doing what the company wants/requirements of them (Apte et al. 2011). Sustain (shitsuke): It means maintain uniformity in the practice. All of the steps must be maintained and done in a same way. The routine must be made in a discipline way so that the entire step and process of 5s become a habit for the workers and the organisations (Mustaghis-ur-Rahman, 2007). Conclusion With help of SANDAC, transparency system thinking within the company can measure efficiency. Furthermore, company will be able to measure the efficiency by reducing the cycle time of every operation, simplifying every work by repeatedly making everyone to do the same work and benchmarking will help to measure the JLP of operation management. However, application of SANDAC software system, JLP will be able to manage to achieve goals and objectives of the company via better operating system. As observed form the study of the particular chapter, the researcher was not able to gather knowledge regarding the changing the priority of the company which helps in customised the operation system. Reference List Books Fliedner, G. (2012). Leading and managing the lean management process. 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